The measurement of accuracy is one of the most important features of data quality. Many statistical and practical criteria have been set for paper map digitization under various situations and considerations. This article explores the theoretical relationship between statistical and practical accuracy tests, and proposes a framework of cost‐accuracy analysis for choosing appropriate digitization methods. Eight trials using three digitization methods on two Taiwan zoning maps with different original qualities were performed to illustrate the differences between statistical and practical methods. The results showed that (1) the test for the mean of the errors should be included in the practical criteria, (2) the error tolerance standard for maps in poor condition can be raised from 0.5mm to 0.3mm, (3) it is sufficient to digitize maps in good condition using the 100dpi‐screen method, (4) appropriate digitization methods can be varied according to different map qualities, accuracy criteria, and budget.